Nouns:
Noun: names a person, place, or thing
Common noun: a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea
Proper noun: names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Always capitalized.
ex. Common: city river person
Proper: Nashua Merrimack River Daniel Webster
Collective noun: names a group of individuals or things.
ex. army, team, flock, group, audience
Compound noun: made up of two or more words used together as a single noun.
ex. post office, ice cream, peanut butter, sunshine, light-year
Concrete noun: names a thing that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted.
ex. book, tree, jacket, bicycle
Abstract noun: names an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic.
ex. courage, kindness, excitement, vanity
Pronouns :
Pronoun: takes the place of a noun
Antecedent: the noun for which a pronoun stands
ex: Bob will study before he takes the quiz. pronoun: he; antecedent: Bob
Subject Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns: point out a specific person, place, or thing and are used alone.
the demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these, those
ex: These are easy questions.
Interrogative Pronouns: used to begin a question. what, which, who, whom, whose.
ex: Who is going to lead the way?
Indefinite pronouns: refer to people, places, or things without specifying which ones.
ex: anybody anyone anything each either
everybody everyone everything much neither
nobody no one nothing one somebody
someone both few all several
Verbs:
Action verbs: tell what action someone or something is performing.
Visible action: actions that are easy to see. ex: swim, run, eat, smile
Mental action: actions that are not seen. ex: think, wonder, decide, enjoy
Linking verbs: connects a noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence with a word at or near the end of the sentence. The most common linking verb is forms of the verb be.
Forms of be: am, is, are, was, were, been, being
Other linking verbs: appear, become, feel, grow, look, seem, remain, smell, sound, taste
ex: Dr. Smith is a rocket scientist. David seems sleepy.
Helping verbs: are added before the main part of the verb to make a verb phrase.
Various forms of be are often helping verbs.
ex: Julie is walking every day to get in shape. is: helping verb; walking: main verb
Adjectives:
Adjectives: modify (describe) a noun or pronoun. They answer one of four questions:
Adverbs modifying adjectives or other adverbs: usually answer To what extent?
ex: really, extremely, so, very, too, completely, not
Prepositions:
Prepositions: relate the noun following it to another word in the sentence. They often
convey spatial or time relationships.
ex: above, across, after, before, beneath, beside, between, during, at, in, out, off, on
Prepositional phrases: begin with the preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. They will
never contain the subject of the sentence.
ex: above the bookcase, across the aisle, between the lines
Conjunctions:
Conjunction: a word that links words, phrases, or clauses.
Coordinating conjunctions:
Correlative conjunctions: always come in pairs:
Interjections: express strong feeling or emotion. ex: Ouch! Wow! Yikes!
Noun: names a person, place, or thing
Common noun: a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea
Proper noun: names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Always capitalized.
ex. Common: city river person
Proper: Nashua Merrimack River Daniel Webster
Collective noun: names a group of individuals or things.
ex. army, team, flock, group, audience
Compound noun: made up of two or more words used together as a single noun.
ex. post office, ice cream, peanut butter, sunshine, light-year
Concrete noun: names a thing that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted.
ex. book, tree, jacket, bicycle
Abstract noun: names an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic.
ex. courage, kindness, excitement, vanity
Pronouns :
Pronoun: takes the place of a noun
Antecedent: the noun for which a pronoun stands
ex: Bob will study before he takes the quiz. pronoun: he; antecedent: Bob
Subject Pronouns
|
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
|
1st
|
I
|
We
|
|
2nd
|
You
|
You
|
|
3rd
|
he, she, it
|
they
|
Demonstrative Pronouns: point out a specific person, place, or thing and are used alone.
the demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these, those
ex: These are easy questions.
Interrogative Pronouns: used to begin a question. what, which, who, whom, whose.
ex: Who is going to lead the way?
Indefinite pronouns: refer to people, places, or things without specifying which ones.
ex: anybody anyone anything each either
everybody everyone everything much neither
nobody no one nothing one somebody
someone both few all several
Verbs:
Action verbs: tell what action someone or something is performing.
Visible action: actions that are easy to see. ex: swim, run, eat, smile
Mental action: actions that are not seen. ex: think, wonder, decide, enjoy
Linking verbs: connects a noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence with a word at or near the end of the sentence. The most common linking verb is forms of the verb be.
Forms of be: am, is, are, was, were, been, being
Other linking verbs: appear, become, feel, grow, look, seem, remain, smell, sound, taste
ex: Dr. Smith is a rocket scientist. David seems sleepy.
Helping verbs: are added before the main part of the verb to make a verb phrase.
Various forms of be are often helping verbs.
ex: Julie is walking every day to get in shape. is: helping verb; walking: main verb
Adjectives:
Adjectives: modify (describe) a noun or pronoun. They answer one of four questions:
|
In what manner?
|
quickly
|
quietly
|
|
To what extent?
|
nearly
|
completely
|
|
Where?
|
inside
|
away
|
|
When
|
today
|
often
|
Adverbs modifying adjectives or other adverbs: usually answer To what extent?
ex: really, extremely, so, very, too, completely, not
Prepositions:
Prepositions: relate the noun following it to another word in the sentence. They often
convey spatial or time relationships.
ex: above, across, after, before, beneath, beside, between, during, at, in, out, off, on
Prepositional phrases: begin with the preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. They will
never contain the subject of the sentence.
ex: above the bookcase, across the aisle, between the lines
Conjunctions:
Conjunction: a word that links words, phrases, or clauses.
Coordinating conjunctions:
|
F
|
A
|
N
|
B
|
O
|
Y
|
S
|
|
For
|
And
|
Nor
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But
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Or
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Yet
|
So
|
|
both...and
|
not only...but also
|
either...or
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neither...nor
|
whether...or
|
Interjections: express strong feeling or emotion. ex: Ouch! Wow! Yikes!
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